فهرست مطالب

• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Part I: Primary Power
• Chapter 1: Getting Started with pytest
• Installing pytest
• Running pytest
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 2: Writing Test Functions
• Installing the Sample Application
• Writing Knowledge-Building Tests
• Using assert Statements
• Failing with pytest.fail() and Exceptions
• Writing Assertion Helper Functions
• Testing for Expected Exceptions
• Structuring Test Functions
• Grouping Tests with Classes
• Running a Subset of Tests
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 3: pytest Fixtures
• Getting Started with Fixtures
• Using Fixtures for Setup and Teardown
• Tracing Fixture Execution with –setup-show
• Specifying Fixture Scope
• Sharing Fixtures through conftest.py
• Finding Where Fixtures Are Defined
• Using Multiple Fixture Levels
• Using Multiple Fixtures per Test or Fixture
• Deciding Fixture Scope Dynamically
• Using autouse for Fixtures That Always Get Used
• Renaming Fixtures
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 4: Builtin Fixtures
• Using tmp_path and tmp_path_factory
• Using capsys
• Using monkeypatch
• Remaining Builtin Fixtures
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 5: Parametrization
• Testing Without Parametrize
• Parametrizing Functions
• Parametrizing Fixtures
• Parametrizing with pytest_generate_tests
• Using Keywords to Select Test Cases
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 6: Markers
• Using Builtin Markers
• Skipping Tests with pytest.mark.skip
• Skipping Tests Conditionally with pytest.mark.skipif
• Expecting Tests to Fail with pytest.mark.xfail
• Selecting Tests with Custom Markers
• Marking Files, Classes, and Parameters
• Using “and,” “or,” “not,” and Parentheses with Markers
• Being Strict with Markers
• Combining Markers with Fixtures
• Listing Markers
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Part II: Working with Projects
• Chapter 7: Strategy
• Determining Test Scope
• Considering Software Architecture
• Evaluating the Features to Test
• Creating Test Cases
• Writing a Test Strategy
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 8: Configuration Files
• Understanding pytest Configuration Files
• Saving Settings and Flags in pytest.ini
• Using tox.ini, pyproject.toml, or setup.cfg in place of pytest.ini
• Determining a Root Directory and Config File
• Sharing Local Fixtures and Hook Functions with conftest.py
• Avoiding Test File Name Collision
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 9: Coverage
• Using coverage.py with pytest-cov
• Generating HTML Reports
• Excluding Code from Coverage
• Running Coverage on Tests
• Running Coverage on a Directory
• Running Coverage on a Single File
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 10: Mocking
• Isolating the Command-Line Interface
• Testing with Typer
• Mocking an Attribute
• Mocking a Class and Methods
• Keeping Mock and Implementation in Sync with Autospec
• Making Sure Functions Are Called Correctly
• Creating Error Conditions
• Testing at Multiple Layers to Avoid Mocking
• Using Plugins to Assist Mocking
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 11: tox and Continuous Integration
• What Is Continuous Integration?
• Introducing tox
• Setting Up tox
• Running tox
• Testing Multiple Python Versions
• Running tox Environments in Parallel
• Adding a Coverage Report to tox
• Specifying a Minimum Coverage Level
• Passing pytest Parameters Through tox
• Running tox with GitHub Actions
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 12: Testing Scripts and Applications
• Testing a Simple Python Script
• Testing an Importable Python Script
• Separating Code into src and tests Directories
• Defining the Python Search Path
• Testing requirements.txt-Based Applications
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 13: Debugging Test Failures
• Adding a New Feature to the Cards Project
• Installing Cards in Editable Mode
• Debugging with pytest Flags
• Re-Running Failed Tests
• Debugging with pdb
• Combining pdb and tox
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Part III: Booster Rockets
• Chapter 14: Third-Party Plugins
• Finding Plugins
• Installing Plugins
• Exploring the Diversity of pytest Plugins
• Running Tests in Parallel
• Randomizing Test Order
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 15: Building Plugins
• Starting with a Cool Idea
• Building a Local conftest Plugin
• Creating an Installable Plugin
• Testing Plugins with pytester
• Testing Multiple Python and pytest Versions with tox
• Publishing Plugins
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• Chapter 16: Advanced Parametrization
• Using Complex Values
• Creating Custom Identifiers
• Parametrizing with Dynamic Values
• Using Multiple Parameters
• Using Indirect Parametrization
• Review
• Exercises
• What’s Next
• A1. Virtual Environments
• A2. pip